Arraid Journal of Science and Technology ( AJST)

An Analytical Study of Sums of Two Squares and Powers of Positive Integers in Relation to the Hasse Principle

2025-07-06T21:14:31+00:00

In this research paper aims to study the sum of Two squares and powers of positive integers which cannot be written in the mathematical form for all values of for the positive integers u, v, z. It also aims to study a number of example that are consistent with its principle or are considered counterexamples to Hasse Principle, as well as the strong approximation of the results for positive integers resulting from the aforementioned mathematical formula. And also by linking the existence of solutions to the Diophantine equations on rational numbers , And also solutions for complements of rational numbers .

Dynamic Performance Evaluation of the Kiklah Water Distribution Network

2025-07-06T21:26:11+00:00

This study investigates the transient behavior of three key water supply lines connected to the Western Kiklah pumping station: one directed toward an upper reservoir, another supplying a lower tank, and a third branching off to feed the Awlad Youssef tank. The study focuses on the city of Kiklah, Libya, a region marked by steep elevation differences that pose unique challenges to the operation of its water distribution network. One of the primary concerns was the risk of hydraulic transients, such as water hammer and cavitation, which can occur during abrupt pump shutdowns or sudden valve closures. To understand and address these risks, both steady-state and transient simulations were conducted using the Allievi software, following detailed mapping of pipeline routes based on cadastral survey data—demonstrating the interplay between civil engineering and hydraulic analysis. The pipelines were designed using ductile iron, selected for its strength and resilience. Preventive measures were implemented to reduce transient impacts, including the installation of air valves spaced between 750 and 1200 meters, and the addition of a 20 m³ air chamber placed 20 meters downstream of the pump. These solutions proved effective, particularly along the lines leading to the upper reservoir and the Awlad Youssef branch, in minimizing the effects of pressure surges and vacuum conditions.

Research Study on Wind Energy and Its Importance in Libya

2025-07-06T21:36:03+00:00

The practice of utilizing turbines or fans to transform the movement of wind into power is known as wind energy. Local electrical firms use wind energy in the form of wind turbine fields, and homes in rural areas can receive electricity from modest turbines. Not only is wind energy a renewable energy source but it's also regarded as safe. This renewable energy source doesn't release any pollutants into the atmosphere. The world is now looking to it as a fossil fuel substitute to lessen the effects of global warming. Beginning about 1940, wind power was utilized in Libya to pump water into several oases. Libya has had significant power outages over the past ten years due to many civil conflicts and a lack of routine maintenance, which has resulted in the loss of some power plants. A wind speed measurement was done to discover the wind's potential to fix this issue. According to the data, Libya has a lot of potential for wind energy. At 40 meters in height, the average wind speed is between 6 and 7.5 m/s. It was discovered that Libya is among the nations where winds blow both frequently and regularly. The Qibli, Khamseen, and blows in the large desert are the most well-known local monsoon winds. To provide a permanent and ongoing solution to Libya's electrical outage problem, this paper highlights a portion of recent research in this area.

Software Quality Measurement: User-based assessment

2025-07-06T21:43:14+00:00

This paper examines the critical role of user-based assessment in software quality measurement, addressing the persistent challenge of aligning technical quality metrics with actual user satisfaction. Despite significant advances in software engineering practices, approximately 40-50% of development effort is still spent on avoidable rework, and only about one-third of software projects meet user expectations while staying within budget and schedule constraints. The research analysis how traditional quality measurement approaches often fail to capture the subjective dimensions of user experience that increasingly determine market success. Through a comprehensive review of contemporary literature (2019-2023), the paper identify the methodological limitations in current user satisfaction measurement instruments and propose a framework that integrates both objective quality attributes and subjective user perceptions. The research highlights the evolution from product-centric to user-centric quality models, examining how factors such as contextual use environments, user diversity, and evolving expectations complicate quality assessment. Our findings suggest that effective software quality measurement requires a dual approach: rigorous technical assessment combined with sophisticated user experience evaluation methodologies. This integrated approach offers organizations a more holistic quality perspective that better predicts market success and user adoption in today's experience-driven software ecosystem.

The Impact of Sound Pollution on Urban Land Use in Tripoli: A Case Study of Al-Jaraba Neighbourhood, Libya

2025-07-06T22:02:21+00:00

This paper study the environmental noise pollution in mix use and residential district in Tripoli Libya, focusing on its impact on residents. The research involves monitoring the noise level using (day-evening-night (DEN) noise indicator) measured in decibels (dBA) to assess overall annoyance. Fourteen sampling point were assigned along the four main street bordering the neighbourhood as shown in (Fig 3). In addition, the site divided into twelve zone, monitoring the noise level in the in-centre node (Fig 10). Measurements conducted during week days and weekends for week in Summer in 2024. The study’s findings indicate that noise levels in the investigated area consistently exceed both WHO guidelines and the standards set by neighbouring countries like Algeria and Egypt for various land-use zones. Specifically, significantly high noise levels were recorded at intersections along Jama Assagga Road, The old-wall Road, and Aljaraba streets, particularly during. Day and evening hours. Moreover, the results show that noise levels in the district exceeded the limits for residential area, mainly near schools and government buildings during the weekday. However, the results dropped to permissible level during night time and on weekends. The survey result concludes that social survey analysis indicates the awareness level of such noise pollution and its impact on the built environment requires broader attention. In addition, the study conclude that the government need to establish regulation and policy to protect public health and wellbeing of the public form noise pollution and set a recommended noise limit according to Land use.

The Role of Augmented Reality (AR) in Improving Community Involvement for OpenStreetMap Upgrades in Urban Planning

2025-07-22T06:30:29+00:00

This paper explores the transformative potential of Augmented Reality (AR) in elevating the quality and completeness of OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, concurrently fostering community engagement in urban planning. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study evaluates how AR facilitates real-time geospatial data collection and verification. The findings unequivocally demonstrate that AR significantly bolsters both contributor involvement and data accuracy. By seamlessly integrating AR’s immersive capabilities with participatory mapping, this research introduces a novel trajectory in citizen science, directly supporting the evolution of smart cities and responsive urban governance.

Petrophysical Investigation of the Hawas Formation within the Concession Area (J-field-NC-186) in the Northwestern Region of the Murzuq Sedimentary Basin, Libya

2025-07-22T06:39:48+00:00

This research includes a study of the petrophysical parameters of the Hawaz Formation in the Murzuq Basin, which was deposited in the pre-Cambrian to Quatrain ages, with a thickness of about 5000 to 6000 meters. The thickness varies in different areas of the basin. The depositional environment of the Murzuq Basin is characterized by diverse sedimentary formations, which include sandy formations that are a major part, where sand dunes and arid areas of clay and silt are found in some areas, reflecting the history of deposition in ancient aquatic environments and carbonate formations that include limestone, indicating ancient marine environments. In this study, the zone that carries good reservoir properties was obtained, where the volume of clay (Volume of Shall) was calculated using the gamma ray log (Gama Ray log) and the percentage was about 30%, and the primary porosity was calculated through s (Sonic log) and density logs (Density log) and the primary porosity was in the range of 12.6%, as well as the total porosity (Total Porosity) was calculated about 11% and also the water saturation (Water Saturation) was calculated and was about 20% using Archie's equation, while the oil saturation was about 80% and this gives excellent productivity for this formation.

تقييم النمو البدني والحالة التغذوية لأطفال المدارس بمرحلة التعليم الابتدائي بمدينة مصراتة / ليبيا

2025-07-22T06:52:56+00:00

تعتبر اضطرابات التغذية مشكلة منتشرة في المجتمعات سواء في الدول النامية أو المتقدمة التي تؤثر على النمو والتطور في مرحلة الطفولة، هدفت الدراسة إلى تقييم النمو البدني والحالة التغذوية لأطفال المدارس الابتدائية (7–12 سنة) في مدينة مصراته/ليبيا، وتحديد انتشار سوء التغذية (النحافة، السمنة) والأمراض المرتبطة بها. شملت العينة 374 طفلاً من 8 مدارس تم اختيارها عشوائياً. استُخدمت استبانة لجمع البيانات حول العادات الغذائية، مع قياس الوزن والطول لحساب مؤشرات النمو (BMI، الطول/العمر، الوزن/العمر). أظهرت النتائج أن 44% من العينة يعانون من زيادة الوزن أو السمنة، و28% يعانون من التقزم، و13% مصابون بأمراض مثل السكري وفقر الدم. كشفت الدراسة وجود علاقة إحصائية بين جودة التغذية ومؤشر كتلة الجسم (P=0.024)، بينما لم تكن العلاقة بين التغذية وانتشار الأمراض ذات دلالة إحصائية. (P=0.353) تؤكد النتائج الحاجة إلى برامج توعية غذائية وتدخلات صحية لتحسين صحة الأطفال.

العلاقة الجدلية بين القانون الليبي لتنظيم المباني وفقه البناء: إسقاط على لائحة تنظيم المباني بمدينة طرابلس

2025-07-22T07:07:33+00:00

تمتد المدن خارج وداخل حدودها بمعدلات سريعة تفوق معدلات التنمية العمرانية , مما يترتب على ذلك مشاكل كبيرة منها (ارتفاع الأسعار , أحياء متخلفة عمرانيا , بناء عشوائي , نقص في المرافق و الخدمات , التلوث بأنواعه (الصحي , البصري , الصوتي , البيئي )) , ومما يزيد المشكلة تعقيداً ؛ نقص التشريعات المنظمة للعمران وعدم تغطيتها لكل الجوانب المستحدثة و القادمة , بالإضافة إلى الإهمال في التطبيق ومتابعة الحالي منها ؛ حيث يقوم الأهالي ببناء تجمعاتهم ووحداتهم السكنية دون الرجوع إلى القوانين المنظمة لهده التجمعات فتظهر ظاهرة النمو العشوائي ؛ الذي ينتج عنه إقامة وحدات سكنية تفتقر إلى المواصفات الصحية و الهندسية والذي ينظم حركة العمران حالياً (قانون التخطيط العمراني ,لائحة تنظيم المباني) , و للأسف لغاية اليوم لا توجد مواصفات , أو معايير تخطيطية وطنية مستحدثة ومعتمدة , قائمة على دراسات و بحوث , فمنذ عام( 1984 ف) أعدت مخططات الجيل الثاني , من قبل شركات بولندية ويونانية وفنلندية , وبعدها تم إعداد عدة مقترحات للتطوير و التنظيم , و جهود لم تثمر بشي ملحوظ ولازالت في طي الكتمان وعدم التنفيذ, و محتكرة من جهات معينة لم ترى النور بعد , بصفة رسمية معلنة .

وفي هذه الورقة سنستعرض موضوع الجدلية بين فقه البناء، والقانون الليبي لتنظيم المباني في ليبيا كدراسة حالة (لائحة تنظيم المباني بمدينة طرابلس)، وتقيم هذه المقارنة والوصول لمكمن الإهمال وعدم التقيد بهذه التشريعات بإذن الله.