Dynamic Performance Evaluation of the Kiklah Water Distribution Network

Abstract

This study investigates the transient behavior of three key water supply lines connected to the Western Kiklah pumping station: one directed toward an upper reservoir, another supplying a lower tank, and a third branching off to feed the Awlad Youssef tank. The study focuses on the city of Kiklah, Libya, a region marked by steep elevation differences that pose unique challenges to the operation of its water distribution network. One of the primary concerns was the risk of hydraulic transients, such as water hammer and cavitation, which can occur during abrupt pump shutdowns or sudden valve closures. To understand and address these risks, both steady-state and transient simulations were conducted using the Allievi software, following detailed mapping of pipeline routes based on cadastral survey data—demonstrating the interplay between civil engineering and hydraulic analysis. The pipelines were designed using ductile iron, selected for its strength and resilience. Preventive measures were implemented to reduce transient impacts, including the installation of air valves spaced between 750 and 1200 meters, and the addition of a 20 m³ air chamber placed 20 meters downstream of the pump. These solutions proved effective, particularly along the lines leading to the upper reservoir and the Awlad Youssef branch, in minimizing the effects of pressure surges and vacuum conditions.